12,174 research outputs found
Context at the International Criminal Court
In this article, I propose a contextual approach to ICC jurisdiction normatively to be adopted by the Court’s Office of the Prosecutor and Pre-Trial Chamber in investigating and eventually prosecuting crimes under the Rome Statute. Under this contextual approach, I contend that both the Prosecutor and Pre-Trial Chamber are able to consider evidence outside the traditional notions of territorial and temporal jurisdiction to conceptualize a conflict in its entirety. The totality of cross-border and inter-temporal evidence should be considered when deciding whether to investigate attacks that the Prosecutor has a reasonable basis to believe fall within the Court’s jurisdiction. Procedurally, the multi-step jurisdictional framework, the “Funnel Approach,”—beginning with the preliminary examination of a situation and proceeding to issuing an arrest warrant—provides flexibility to admit extra-jurisdictional evidence. Textually, the open-ended ‘gravity’ threshold does not limit the Prosecutor in considering evidence within the Rome Statute’s territorial or temporal limitations
The Peierls-Nabarro model as a limit of a Frenkel-Kontorova model
We study a generalization of the fully overdamped Frenkel-Kontorova model in
dimension This model describes the evolution of the position of each
atom in a crystal, and is mathematically given by an infinite system of coupled
first order ODEs. We prove that for a suitable rescaling of this model, the
solution converges to the solution of a Peierls-Nabarro model, which is a
coupled system of two PDEs (typically an elliptic PDE in a domain with an
evolution PDE on the boundary of the domain). This passage from the discrete
model to a continuous model is done in the framework of viscosity solutions
Molecular Memory with Atomically-Smooth Graphene Contacts
We report the use of bilayer graphene as an atomically-smooth contact for
nanoscale devices. A two-terminal Bucky ball (C60) based molecular memory is
fabricated with bilayer graphene as a contact on the polycrystalline nickel
electrode. Graphene provides an atomically-smooth covering over an otherwise
rough metal surface. The use of graphene additionally prohibits the
electromigration of nickel atoms into the C60 layer. The devices exhibit a
low-resistance state in the first sweep cycle and irreversibly switch to a high
resistance state at 0.8-1.2 V bias. The reverse sweep has a hysteresis behavior
as well. In the subsequent cycles, the devices retain the high-resistance
state, thus making it write-once read-many memory (WORM). The ratio of current
in low-resistance to high-resistance state is lying in 20-40 range for various
devices with excellent retention characteristics. Control sample without the
bilayer graphene shows random hysteresis and switching.Comment: 13 pages and 4 figure
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